Poland Syndrome is a congenital condition characterized by underdeveloped or missing chest muscles — most commonly the pectoralis major muscle and/or underdevelopment of breast tissue development on one side of the body. For those affected, this asymmetry can lead to both physical discomfort and self-consciousness.

A recent feature on the American Society of Plastic Surgeons website highlights Dr. Karen Horton’s expertise in addressing this condition and explores the surgical options available to help balance the chest wall’s appearance and improve quality of life.

Read the full article here.

And – see before & after Poland Syndrome reconstruction results here!

Key Treatment Approaches

For Women:

Procedures may include breast implant reconstruction, fat grafting (especially to upper areas like over the collarbone or armpit), and balancing operations such as breast augmentation, reduction, or breast lift. Liposuction of unaffected areas (e.g. the opposite armpit or bra roll) helps enhance symmetry to the breasts and chest wall.

For Men:

Commonly involves fat grafting to the affected side plus liposuction of the unaffected side. Pectoral implants are an option, though they come with greater risk of visible edges, implant migration, or texture differences.

What’s Less Common Today:

Older reconstructive techniques — such as using latissimus dorsi pedicled flaps or free flaps (DIEP, TUG) — are now less favored due to larger scars, donor site morbidity, and limited tissue availability. Custom chest wall implants from earlier decades are also less commonly used because of concerns about unnatural feel, complications, and long-term durability.

What Patients Should Know

Full correction of asymmetry is often challenging; only certain soft tissues can be augmented. Bones and structural chest wall deficits are harder to address.

Choosing a Board-Certified Plastic Surgeon with specific experience in Poland Syndrome reconstruction (or breast reconstruction broadly) is crucial. Asking to see a range of results — not just the exceptional cases — helps set realistic expectations.